What retrieval tool should you use?
- For cited articles, consult a bibliography.
- For library items, search a catalog.
- For published articles, search a periodical database.
- For archived items, use an archival finding aid.
- For "published" web pages, use a search engine.
What is stored in retrieval tools?
Surrogate records - records that represent resources. If managed by a professional organizer they are structured surrogate records.
What are structured surrogate records?
Using a generic definition, structures are elements of individuals or things that exist across instances of those individuals or things (i.e. your skeleton, architectural elements of a house). In library terms, imagine the cards of a card catalog.
Structures of a Card Catalog card:
- Author
- Title
- Subject
What is the purpose?
To provide enough information for users to determine whether or not they want to actually pursue acquisition of the resource. The library wants to be economical with the user's time, regardless of resource type (book, artifact, or webpage).
What are some types of surrogates?
- Appended lists (e.g. scholars who cite papers)
- Citation is criterion - most common type of bibliography
- cited scholarly articles
- Cited books and other types of resources
- Style guides serve as standardizing display mechanism over time:
- Across authors
- Across editors
- Across journals
- Across disciplines
- Compiled lists (e.g. free-standing bibliographies)
- Freestanding book-length works
- Found in catalogs (e.g. A Bibliography of Austin Dobson)
- Often the result of scholarly labor (i.e. used for tenure). including annotated bibliographies
- Can be collocated based on various combined criteria:
- Subject bibliographies
- Author bibliographies
- Bibliographies of a time period
- Language, location, publisher, form bibliographies
- Inventory lists (e.g. bookstores)
- Surrogate list of resources held by bookstores.
- Intended to assist in book or other resource selection by patrons:
- Mystical Unicorn for books (browse for "Sarah Eagle")
- Amazon for books and other resources (keyword search for "Stephen King" and compare to advanced search capability to "limit" to an author search.
How are surrogates collocated?
Surrogates are collocated according to criterion (title, author, subject).
Surrogates are collocated according to criterion (title, author, subject).
What is a library catalog?
A library catalog is a collection of surrogate records representing the collection of a single library (WorldCat). They have multiple access points that people can use to search for a resource like card catalogs or via electronic retrieval tools. Was created to help find what a user wants(author, title, name), to show what the library has (on an author, on a subject), or to assist in the choice of a book (bibliography, character).
What is an OPAC?
An OPAC is an Online Public Access Catalog. Interfaces for OPACs are either:
- "Drop down box" (UA Library)
- TRY IT! Keyword search for "dog" will retrieve different,limited results than a search for "dog" limited to the subject field.
- "Tabbed" interfaces (UNT Library, WorldCat)
How do you search for Periodical Literature?
Indexes are a collection of surrogate records that represent the analyzed contents of resources like:
- Journal articles
- Conference proceedings/articles
- Book Chapters
- Websites
They have additional access points other than the traditional author, title, subject like issue, volume, year, etc.
TRY IT! Compare keyword search for "dog" vs. qualified search for "dog" as a subject in PubMed.
How do you search for specialized documents (images, artifacts,etc.)?
There are databases and indexes of digitized cultural heritage artifacts (e.g. Library of Congress, TIMEA). Some collections offer surrogate records that present long descriptions of archival collections (de Grummond Collection, Archives Portal Europe)
For Further Reading:
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